ABSTRACT
Objectives
This investigation involved a detailed study of the phytochemical composition and biological properties of the endemic species <em>Scabiosa pseudograminifolia </em>Hub.-Mor. (<em>Caprifoliaceae</em>) growing in Sivas province of Turkiye. The plant materials were used to obtain essential oils as well as n-hexane, methanol, aqueous extracts, and fatty acids.
Materials and Methods
The gas chromatography-flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry technique was used to analyze the chemical compositions of essential oils and fatty acids.
Results
The major volatiles identified in the essential oil were hexadecanoic acid (30.2%) and linalool (15.6%). The main leaf volatiles obtained with the mass selective detector-solid phase microextraction technique were (Z)-3-hexenal (34.0%) and 6-methyl-1-octanol (4.3%). In the flowers, (<em>Z</em>)-3-hexenal (29.1%), hexanol (7.7%), linalool (5.0%), and hexanal (4.4%) were identified as the major components. Non-adecanoic (21.9%, 21.6%) and hexadecanoic (20.8%, 18.3%) acids were identified as the major fatty acids in the leaf and flowers of S<em>.</em><em>pseudograminifolia</em>, respectively.
The essential oil of <em>S. pseudograminifolia </em>exhibited the highest Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Activity value (2.39±}0.15 mM). SPW and methanol extract (SP<sub>M</sub>) exhibited the most potent free radical scavenging activity, with inhibitory concentration50 (IC<sub>50</sub>) values of 0.16±}0.04 mg/mL and 0.19±}0.03 mg/mL, respectively. SP<sub>M</sub> exhibited a substantial capacity to inhibit the oxidation of β-carotene and linoleic acid, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.73±}0.001 mg/mL. SPW exhibited the greatest Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity values (248.43±}15.44μmol TE/g extract). The SPW exhibited the highest phenolic content (0.52±}0.01 mgGAE/g<sub>extract</sub>) and flavonoid content (0.081±}0.002 mgQE/g<sub>extract</sub>). The extracts demonstrated a weak inhibitory effects on the α-amylase enzyme. Chlorogenic acid was detected in significant amounts in the polar extracts of <em>S. pseudograminifolia</em>.
Conclusion
This research includes the first biological activity and phytochemical studies on <em>S. pseudograminifolia </em>Hub.-Mor. growing in Sivas province of Turkiye.
